1608 Champlain founds New France and its capital Québec. The Old Capital has been either the capital city of Canada or of the Province of Québec ever since, except for some of the years between 1841 and 1867 when the government of the Province of Canada roamed all over, stopping in Québec twice.
1749 Halifax.
1765 Charlottetown.
Although Newfoundland had some of the earliest European habitation in North America, St. John's came into its power gradually, so it's hard to pin a starting date on it. When the island became a Crown Colony in 1825, St. John's was where the Governor resided. There had been Commodore-Governors since 1729, but they lived on board their vessels in St. John's Harbour, or wherever they happened to be. One of them built a house in St. John's in 1781 and lived there in the summer. Let's use that date.
1785 Fredericton.
1793 York (later named Toronto) is chosen capital of Upper Canada.
1849 Victoria is made the capital of the Colony of Vancouver Island.
1866 Ottawa becomes the capital of the Province of Canada.
1870 Winnipeg. 1869 if you're with Riel.
1882 Regina is made capital of the North-West Territories.
1898 Whitehorse.
1905 Edmonton.
1967 Yellowknife.
1999 Iqaluit.
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